Azure Interview Question and Answer

Microsoft Azure Interview Questions

1. What is Azure Cloud Service?

Cloud service can convey multiple web applications in Azure, characterizing a number of parts to disseminate handling and permit adaptable scaling of your application. A cloud service comprises a minimum of one web part, as well as specialist parts, each with its own particular application documents and design. The fundamental favourable position of cloud service is the capacity to help more complex multilevel structures.

2. Differentiate between Microsoft Azure and AWS.

Features	Microsoft Azure	Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Analytics	Azure Stream Analytics	Amazon Kinesis
Backup Options	Azure Backup	Amazon Glacier
Compliance	Azure Trust Center	AWS CloudHSM
Content Delivery Network (CDN)	Azure CDN	Amazon Cloud Front
Data Orchestration	Azure Data Factory	AWS Data Pipeline
Hybrid Cloud Storage	STORSIMPLE	AWS Storage Gateway
Monitoring	Azure Operational Insights	Amazon Cloud Trail
NoSQL Database Options	Azure Document DB	Amazon Dynamo DB

 

3. What are the roles implemented in Windows Azure?

There are three roles in Windows Azure:

·         Web Role

·         Worker Role

·         Virtual Machine Role

Web Role: It gives a web solution that is front-end. This is like an ASP.NET application. While under facilitating, Azure gives IIS and required services.

Worker Role: It gives solutions for background service.  It can run long activities.

Virtual Machine Role: The roles of both web and worker are executed on virtual machines. The Virtual Machine Roles give the client the capacity to modify the virtual machine on which the web and worker roles are running.

4. What are the three principal segments of Windows Azure platform?

Windows Azure has three principal segments: Compute, Storage, and Fabric.

A. Windows Azure Compute

Windows Azure gives a code that can be managed by the hosting environment. It gives the calculation benefit through parts. Windows Azure backs three types of roles:

·         Web roles utilized for web application programming and upheld by IIS7

·         Worker roles utilized for foundation handling of web roles

·         Virtual machine (VM) roles utilized for moving windows server applications to Windows Azure in a simple way

B. Windows Azure Storage

It gives four types of storage services:

·         Queues for informing between web parts and worker roles

·         Tables for storing structural data

·         BLOBs (Binary Large Objects) to store contents, records, or vast information

·         Windows Azure Drives (VHD) to mount a page BLOB. These can be transferred and downloaded by means of BLOBs

C. Windows Azure AppFabric

AppFabric provides five services:

·         Service bus

·         Access

·         Caching

·         Integration

·         Composite

5. Define Windows Azure AppFabric.

Windows Azure Diagnostics empowers you to gather diagnostic data from an application running in Windows Azure. Diagnostic data is used for capacity planning and evaluation.

6. What is the distinction between Windows Azure Queues and Windows Azure Service Bus Queues?

Azure Queues give a solid, diligent messaging between and within the services. They also highlight a very straightforward rest-based get/put/peek interface.

Bus Queues are part of a more extensive Windows Azure messaging framework that supports queuing.

7. What is table storage in Windows Azure?

Windows Azure Table storage service stores a lot of organized information. Windows Azure tables are perfect for putting away organized, non-relational data.

Table: A table is a collection of entities. Tables don’t uphold a blueprint on elements, which implies that a solitary table can contain substances that have distinctive arrangements of properties. A record can contain numerous tables.

Entity: An entity is an arrangement of properties, like a database row. An entity can be up to 1 MB in size.

Properties: A property is a name–value pair. Every entity can incorporate up to 252 properties to store data. Every entity likewise has three system properties that determine a segment key, a row key, and a timestamp.

8. What is auto scaling in Azure?

Scaling by including extra instances is frequently referred to as scaling out. Windows Azure likewise supports scaling up by utilizing bigger role rather than more role instances. By adding and expelling role instances to our Windows Azure application while it is running, we can adjust the execution of the application against its running costs.

An auto scaling solution reduces the amount of manual work engaged in dynamically scaling an application.

9. What are the features of Windows Azure?

Windows Azure runs and stores the information on Microsoft data centers.

The main features are as follows:

• Websites enable the designers to assemble the sites utilizing ASP.NET, PHP, etc., and send these websites utilizing FTP, Git, etc.
• SQL database, formally known as Azure database, makes, broadens, and scales the application into the cloud utilizing Microsoft SQL Server.
• This is Microsoft’s Platform as a Service that supports multilevel applications and automated deployment.

10. What are the differences between a public cloud and a private cloud?

Private clouds are those that are constructed solely for an individual enterprise. They enable a firm to have applications in the cloud while tending to concerns with respect to data security and control that is frequently ailing in a public cloud environment. Private cloud is otherwise called an internal cloud or enterprise cloud and dwells on the organization’s Intranet or hosted data center where the data is protected.

11. What is table storage in Windows Azure?

It is a NoSQL data store which acknowledges verified calls from inside and outside the Windows Azure cloud. Windows Azure tables are perfect for putting away organized, non-relational data.

Table: A table is an accumulation of elements. Tables don’t implement a pattern on elements, which implies a solitary table can contain substances that have distinctive arrangements of properties. A record can contain numerous tables.

12. What is Windows Azure Portal?

To run an application, a designer gets to the Windows Azure Portal through his/her web program by logging in with a Windows Live ID. The user at that point chooses whether to create a host account for running applications, a storage account for storing data, or both.

Once the designer has a host account, he/she can utilize a Windows Azure Portal to submit applications to Windows Azure.

 

13. Explain Azure Fabric.

Azure Fabric is the principal core concept. It gives a service called Azure Fabric Controller. It is called the OS for Azure since it handles/oversees:

• All roles (processing) and resources
• Sending and activating services
• Monitoring the health of all services
• Releasing and allocating resources
• Provisioning VM, terminating, etc.
• Patches get updated for installed OS on VM in the most automated form

14. What do you comprehend about Hybrid Cloud?

A hybrid cloud is a blend of internal and external cloud services, a mix of a private cloud joined with the utilization of public cloud services. This kind of cloud is most appropriate when you need to keep the classified information at your vicinity (private cloud) and consume alternate services from a public cloud.

15. What is a storage key?

Storage keys or access keys are utilized as a validation mode for accessing the storage services account to control data based on our prerequisites. In Windows Azure, we have an alternative to give a primary access key and a secondary access key, despite the fact that we will utilize a solitary access key to confirm our application to the storage. The primary reason to give the secondary access key is to avoid downtime to the application.

16. What is Windows Azure Traffic Manager?

It enables users to control the distribution of user traffic of installed Azure cloud services. There are three distinctive load-balancing strategies provided by Azure. The Manager who works on traffic applies a routing policy to the Domain Name Service (DNS) questions on your domain names and maps the DNS courses to the apt instances of your applications.

17. What is federation in SQL Azure?

Organization in SQL Azure is introduced for scalability. Federation helps both managers and developers scale information. It helps managers by making repartitioning and redistributing of information in a simpler manner. It enables developers in the layer of routing and sharing of information. It helps in routing without application downtime.

18. What is SQL Azure database?

SQL Azure database is just an approach to get associated with cloud services where you can store your database into the cloud. Microsoft Azure is the most ideal approach to utilize PaaS where you can have different databases on a similar account.

Microsoft SQL Azure has a similar component of SQL Server, i.e., high accessibility, versatility, and security in the core.

Microsoft Azure SQL database has an element; it makes backups of each active database automatically. Consistently a backup is taken and geo-repeated to empower the 1-hour recuperation point objective (RPO) for Geo-Restore.

19. What are the different types of Storage areas in Windows Azure?

BLOB: BLOBs offer a component for storing a lot of content or binary data, for example, pictures, audio, and visual documents. They can scale up to 200 terabytes and can be acquired by utilizing REST APIs.

Table: Tables represent storage areas across machines for information that is in the form of properties on the cloud.

Line: The sole target of a queue is to empower communication among Web and Worker Role instances. They help in storing messages that may be accessed by a customer.

20. What is the concept of the table in Windows Azure?

A table is a kind of Azure Storage where you can store your information. BLOBs are put in a compartment and an entity in a table.

Following are the key concepts in a table:

• Tables allow structured data storage.
• There can be 0 to n number of tables in a storage account.
• Tables store information as an accumulation of elements.
• An element has an essential key and properties as a key–value pair.

21. What is TFS build system in Azure?

A build is the solution of an output. In Azure projects, you get the record with a .cspkg extension, that is, a Cloud Service Package is utilized for the deployment of your cloud administration.

Build Servers: In general terms, a build server is a machine where you put your deployment packages.

To utilize Team Foundation Build, you should have no less than one build machine. This machine can be a physical machine or a virtual machine.

Build Controllers: Manufacture Controllers are the component in the build system that accepts the build requests from any task inside the group project. Each build controller is dedicated to a solitary team project collection. So, there is a balanced relationship between a team project and a build controller.

Build Agents: Build Agents are components in the build system that accomplishes more processor-concentrated work.

22. What is Azure App Service?

Azure App Service is a completely managed Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering for proficient developers that conveys a rich arrangement of abilities to web, mobile, and integration scenarios. Mobile apps in Azure App Service offer a very adaptable, universally accessible mobile application development platform for Enterprise Developers and System Integrators that conveys a rich set of capacities to mobile engineers.

23. What is profiling in Azure?

Profiling is only a procedure for measuring the performance analysis of an application. It is normally done to guarantee that the application is sufficiently steady and can maintain overwhelming traffic.

Visual Studio gives us different tools to do it by gathering the performance information from the application that likewise helps in troubleshooting issues.

Once the profiling wizard is run, it sets up the execution session and collects the data of the sample.

The profiling reports help in:

• Deciding the longest running strategies inside the application
• Measuring the execution time of every strategy in the call stack
• Assessing memory allocation

24. What is cmdlet in Azure?

A cmdlet is a lightweight command that is utilized as a part of the Microsoft PowerShell environment. The cmdlets are summoned by the Windows PowerShell to automate the scripts which are in the command line. Windows PowerShell runtime additionally invokes them automatically through Windows PowerShell APIs.

25. What is Windows Azure Scheduler?

Windows Azure Scheduler enables you to invoke activities, for example, calling HTTP/S endpoints or presenting a message on a storage queue on any schedule. With Scheduler, you make jobs in the cloud that dependably call services both inside and outside of Windows Azure and execute those jobs on demand, on a routinely repeating schedule, or assign them for a future date.

26. How can you create an HDInsight Cluster in Azure?

To make an Azure HDInsight Cluster, open the Azure portal > click on New > select Data Services > click on HDInsight.

Hadoop is the default and native execution of Apache Hadoop.

HBase is an Apache open-source NoSQL database based on Hadoop that gives random access and solid consistency for a lot of unstructured data.

Storm is a distributed, fault-tolerant, open-source computation system that enables you to process data in real time.

27. What is Text Analytics API in Azure Machine?

Content Analytics API is a part of content examination web administrations worked with Azure Machine Learning. The API can be utilized to analyze unstructured content for tasks such as sentiment analysis and key-phrase extraction.

The API restores a numeric score between 0 and 1. Scores near 1 show positive sentiment, while scores near 0 demonstrate negative sentiment.

The upside of this API is that another new model need not be planned and prepared; the user just needs to bring the data and call the service to get the sentiment results.

28. What is Migration Assistant tool in Azure Websites?

Migration Assistant tool will examine our IIS installation and recognize the sites that can be migrated to the cloud, featuring any components which can’t be migrated or are unsupported on the platform.

Once broken down, this tool will likewise create sites and databases provided under the given Azure membership.

29. What is the distinction between Public Cloud and Private Cloud?

A public cloud is utilized as a service through the Internet by users, while a private cloud is deployed within specific limits like firewall settings and is totally overseen and checked by the users dealing with it in an organization.

30. What is Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

The SLA ensures that, when you send two or more role instances for each role, access to your cloud service will be maintained not less than 99.95 percent of the time. Additionally, identification and re-correction activities will be started 99.9 percent of the time when a role instance’s procedure isn’t running.

 

 

1. What are the different types of services offered in the cloud?

IAAS VS PAAS VS SAAS
IAAS	PAAS	SAAS
In infrastructure as a service, you get the raw hardware from your cloud provider as a service i.e. you get a server which you can configure with your own will.	Platform as a Service, gives you a platform to publish without giving the access to the underlying software or OS.	You get software as a service in Azure, i.e. no infrastructure, no platform, simple software that you can use without purchasing it.
For Example: Azure VM, Amazon EC2.	For example: Web Apps, Mobile Apps in Azure.	For example: when you launch a VM on Azure, you are not buying the OS, you are basically renting it for the time you will be running that instance.

2. What is cloud computing?

Explanation: It is the use of servers on the internet to “store”, “manage” and “process” data. The difference is, instead of using your own servers, you are using someone else’s servers to do your task, paying them for the amount of time you use it for.

3. What are the different cloud deployment models?

Explanation: Following are the three cloud deployment models:

Public Cloud: The infrastructure is owned by your cloud provider and the server that you are using could be a multi-tenant system.

Private Cloud: The infrastructure is owned by you or your cloud provider gives you that service exclusively. For eg: Hosting your website on your servers, or hosting your website with the cloud provider on a dedicated server.

Hybrid Cloud: When you use both Public Cloud, Private Cloud together, it is called Hybrid Cloud. For Example: Using your in-house servers for confidential data, and the public cloud for hosting your company’s public facing website. This type of setup would be a hybrid cloud.

4. I have some private servers on my premises, also I have distributed some of my workload on the public cloud, and what is this architecture called?

1. Virtual Private Network
2. Private Cloud
3. Virtual Private Cloud
4. Hybrid Cloud

Answer: D. Hybrid Cloud

Explanation: This type of architecture would be a hybrid cloud. Why? Because we are using both, the public cloud, and on premises servers i.e. the private cloud. To make this hybrid architecture easy to use, wouldn’t it be better if your private and public cloud were all on the same network (virtually). This is established by including your public cloud servers in a virtual private cloud, and connecting virtual cloud with your on premise servers using a VPN (Virtual Private Network).

5. What is Microsoft Azure and why is it used?

Explanation: As discussed above, the companies which provide the cloud service are called the Cloud Providers. There are a lot of cloud providers out there, out of them one is Microsoft Azure. It is used for accessing Microsoft’s infrastructure for cloud.

6. Which service in Azure is used to manage resources in Azure?

1. Application Insights
2. Azure Resource Manager
3. Azure Portal
4. Log Analytics

Answer: B Azure Resource Manager

Explanation: Azure Resource Manager is used to “manage” infrastructures which involve a no. of azure services. It can be used to deploy, manage and delete all the resources together using a simple JSON script.

7. Which of the following web applications can be deployed with Azure?

1. ASP.NET
2. PHP
3. WCF
4. All of the mentioned

Answer: D All of the mentioned

Explanation: Microsoft also has released SDKs for both Java and Ruby to allow applications written in those languages to place calls to the Azure Service Platform API to the AppFabric Service.

8. What are Roles and why do we use them?

Explanation: Roles are nothing servers in layman terms. These servers are managed, load balanced, Platform as a Service virtual machines that work together to achieve a common goal.

There are 3 types of roles in Microsoft Azure:

• Web Role
• Worker Role
• VM  Role

Let’s discuss each of these roles in detail:

• Web Role – A web role is basically used to deploy a website, using languages supported by the IIS platform like, PHP, .NET etc. It is configured and customized to run web applications.
• Worker Role – A worker role is more like a help to the Web role, it used to execute background processes unlike the Web Role which is used to deploy the website.
• VM Role – The VM role is used by a user to schedule tasks and other windows services. This role can be used to customize the machines on which the web and worker role is running.

9. A _________ role is a virtual machine instance running Microsoft IIS Web server that can accept and respond to HTTP or HTTPS requests.

1. Web
2. Server
3. Worker
4. Client

Answer: A. Web 

Explanation: The answer should be Web Roles, there are no roles such as Server or Client roles. Also, Worker roles can only communicate with Azure Storage or through direct connections to clients.

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10. Is it possible to create a Virtual Machine using Azure Resource Manager in a Virtual Network that was created using classic deployment?

Explanation: This is not supported. You cannot use Azure Resource Manager to deploy a virtual machine into a virtual network that was created using classic deployment.

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11. What are virtual machine scale sets in Azure?

Explanation: Virtual machine scale sets are Azure compute resource that you can use to deploy and manage a set of identical VMs. With all the VMs configured the same, scale sets are designed to support true auto scale, and no pre-provisioning of VMs is required. So it’s easier to build large-scale services that target big compute, big data, and containerized workloads.

12. Are data disks supported within scale sets?

Explanation: Yes. A scale set can define an attached data disk configuration that applies to all VMs in the set. Other options for storing data include:

• Azure files (SMB shared drives)
• OS drive
• Temp drive (local, not backed by Azure Storage)
• Azure data service (for example, Azure tables, Azure blobs)
• External data service (for example, remote database)

13. What is an Availability Set?

Explanation: An availability set is a logical grouping of VMs that allows Azure to understand how your application is built to provide redundancy and availability. It is recommended that two or more VMs are created within an availability set to provide for a highly available application and to meet the 99.95% Azure SLA. When a single VM is used with Azure Premium Storage, the Azure SLA applies for unplanned maintenance events.

14. What are Fault Domains?

Explanation: A fault domain is a logical group of underlying hardware that share a common power source and network switch, similar to a rack within an on premise data-centers. As you create VMs within an availability set, the Azure platform automatically distributes your VMs across these fault domains. This approach limits the impact of potential physical hardware failures, network outages, or power interruptions.

15. What are Update Domains?

Explanation: An update domain is a logical group of underlying hardware that can undergo maintenance or can be rebooted at the same time. As you create VMs within an availability set, the Azure platform automatically distributes your VMs across these update domains. This approach ensures that at least one instance of your application always remains running as the Azure platform undergoes periodic maintenance. The order of update domains being rebooted may not proceed sequentially during planned maintenance, but only one update domain is rebooted at a time.

16. What are Network Security Groups?

Explanation: A network security group (NSG) contains a list of Access Control List (ACL) rules that allow or deny network traffic to subnets, NICs, or both. NSGs can be associated with either subnets or individual NICs connected to a subnet. When an NSG is associated with a subnet, the ACL rules apply to all the VMs in that subnet. In addition, traffic to an individual NIC can be restricted by associating an NSG directly to a NIC.

17. Do scale sets work with Azure availability sets?

Explanation: Yes. A scale set is an implicit availability set with 5 fault domains and 5 update domains. Scale sets of more than 100 VMs span multiple placement groups, which are equivalent to multiple availability sets. An availability set of VMs can exist in the same virtual network as a scale set of VMs. A common configuration is to put control node VMs (which often require unique configuration) in an availability set and put data nodes in the scale set.

18. What is a break-fix issue?

Explanation: Technical problems are called break-fix issue, it is an industry term which refers to “work involved in supporting a technology when it fails in the normal course of its function, which requires intervention by a support organization to be restored to working order”.

19. Why is Azure Active Directory used?

Explanation: Azure Active Directory is an Identity and Access Management system. It is used to grant access to your employees to specific products and services in your network. For example: Salesforce.com, twitter etc. Azure AD has some in-built support for applications in its gallery which can be added directly.

20. What happens when you exhaust the maximum failed attempts for authenticating yourself via Azure AD?

Explanation: We use a more sophisticated strategy to lock accounts. This is based on the IP address of the request and the passwords entered. The duration of the lockout also increases based on the likelihood that it is an attack.

21. Where can I find a list of applications that are pre-integrated with Azure AD and their capabilities?

Explanation: Azure AD has around 2600 pre-integrated applications. All pre-integrated applications support single sign-on (SSO). SSO let you use your organizational credentials to access your apps. Some of the applications also support automated provisioning and de-provisioning.

22. How can I use applications with Azure AD that I’m using on-premises?

Explanation: Azure AD gives you an easy and secure way to connect to the web applications you choose. You can access these applications in the same way you access your SaaS apps in Azure AD, no need for a VPN to change your network infrastructure.

23. What is Azure Service Fabric?

Explanation: Azure Service Fabric is a distributed systems platform that makes it easy to package, deploy, and manage scalable and reliable micro-services. Service Fabric also addresses the significant challenges in developing and managing cloud applications. Developers and administrators can avoid complex infrastructure problems and focus on implementing mission-critical, demanding workloads that are scalable, reliable, and manageable. Service Fabric represents the next-generation middleware platform for building and managing these enterprise-class, tier-1, cloud-scale applications.

24. What is a VNet?

Explanation: VNet is a representation of your own network in the cloud. It logically isolates your instances launched in the cloud, from the rest of your resources.

25. What are the differences between Subscription Administrator and Directory Administrator?

Explanation: By default, one is assigned the Subscription Administrator role when he/she signs up for Azure. A subscription admin can use either a Microsoft account or a work or school account from the directory that the Azure subscription is associated with. This role is authorized to manage services in the Azure portal. If others need to sign in and access services by using the same subscription, you can add them as co-admins.

Azure AD has a different set of admin roles to manage the directory and identity-related features. These admins will have access to various features in the Azure portal or the Azure classic portal. The admin’s role determines what they can do, like create or edit users, assign administrative roles to others, reset user passwords, manage user licenses, or manage domains.

26. Are there any scale limitations for customers using managed disks?

Explanation: Managed Disks eliminates the limits associated with storage accounts. However, the number of managed disks per subscription is limited to 2000 by default.

27. What is the difference between Service Bus Queues and Storage Queues?

Explanation: The Azure Storage Queue is simple and the developer experience is quite good. It uses the local Azure Storage Emulator and debugging is made quite easy. The tooling for Azure Storage Queues allows you to easily peek at the top 32 messages and if the messages are in XML or Json, you’re able to visualize their contents directly from Visual Studio Furthermore, these queues can be purged of their contents, which is especially useful during development and QA efforts.

The Azure Service Bus Queues are evolved and surrounded by many useful mechanisms that make it enterprise worthy! They are built into the Service Bus and are able to forward messages to other Queues and Topics. They have a built-in dead-letter queue and messages have a time to live that you control, hence messages don’t automatically disappear after 7 days.

Furthermore, Azure Service Bus Queues have the ability of deleting themselves after a configurable amount of idle time. This feature is very practical when you create Queues for each user, because if a user hasn’t interacted with a Queue for the past month, it automatically gets clean it up. It’s also a great way to drive costs down. You shouldn’t have to pay for storage that you don’t need. These Queues are limited to a maximum of 80 GB. Once you’ve reached this limit your application will start receiving exceptions.

28. What is Azure Redis Cache?

Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker. Azure Redis Cache is based on the popular open-source Redis cache. It gives you access to a secure, dedicated Redis cache, managed by Microsoft, and accessible from any application within Azure.  It supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, and sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, and hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes with radius queries.

29. Why doesn’t Azure Redis Cache have an MSDN class library reference like some of the other Azure services?

Explanation: Microsoft Azure Redis Cache is based on the popular open source Redis Cache and can be accessed by a wide variety of Redis clients for many programming languages. Each client has its own API that makes calls to the Redis cache instance using Redis commands.

Because each client is different, there is not one centralized class reference on MSDN, and each client maintains its own reference documentation. In addition to the reference documentation, there are several tutorials showing how to get started with Azure Redis Cache using different languages and cache clients. To access these tutorials, see How to use Azure Redis Cache and click the desired language from the language switcher at the top of the article.

30. What are Redis databases?

Explanation: Redis Databases are just a logical separation of data within the same Redis instance. The cache memory is shared between all the databases and actual memory consumption of a given database depends on the keys/values stored in that database. For example, a C6 cache has 53 GB of memory. You can choose to put all 53 GB into one database or you can split it up between multiple databases.

31. Is it possible to add an existing VM to an availability set?

Explanation: No. If you want your VM to be part of an availability set, you need to create the VM within the set. There currently no way to add a VM to an availability set after it has been created.

32. What are the username requirements when creating a VM?

Explanation: Usernames can be a maximum of 20 characters in length and cannot end in a period (“.”).

The following usernames are not allowed:

33. What are the password requirements when creating a VM?

Explanation: Passwords must be 12 – 123 characters in length and meet 3 out of the following 4 complexity requirements:

• Have lower characters
• Have upper characters
• Have a digit
• Have a special character (Regex match [W_])

The following passwords are not allowed:

34. How much storage can I use with a virtual machine?

Explanation: Each data disk can be up to 1 TB. The number of data disks which you can use depends on the size of the virtual machine. 

Azure Managed Disks are the new and recommended disk storage offerings for use with Azure Virtual Machines for persistent storage of data. You can use multiple Managed Disks with each Virtual Machine. Managed Disks offer two types of durable storage options: Premium and Standard Managed Disks.

Azure storage accounts can also provide storage for the operating system disk and any data disks. Each disk is a .vhd file stored as a page blob.

35. How can one create a Virtual Machine in PowerShell?

# Define a credential object 

$cred = Get-Credential 

# Create a virtual machine configuration 

$vmConfig = New-AzureRmVMConfig -VMName myVM -VMSize Standard_DS2 |

` Set-AzureRmVMOperatingSystem -Windows -ComputerName myVM -Credential $cred | 

` Set-AzureRmVMSourceImage -PublisherName MicrosoftWindowsServer -Offer WindowsServer ` 

-Skus 2016-Datacenter -Version latest | Add-AzureRmVMNetworkInterface -Id $nic.Id

36. How to create a Network Security Group and a Network Security Group Rule?

# Create an inbound network security group rule for port 3389

$nsgRuleRDP = New-AzureRmNetworkSecurityRuleConfig -Name myNetworkSecurityGroupRuleRDP -Protocol Tcp `

 -Direction Inbound -Priority 1000 -SourceAddressPrefix * -SourcePortRange * -DestinationAddressPrefix * `

 -DestinationPortRange 3389 -Access Allow

# Create an inbound network security group rule for port 80

$nsgRuleWeb = New-AzureRmNetworkSecurityRuleConfig -Name myNetworkSecurityGroupRuleWWW -Protocol Tcp `

 -Direction Inbound -Priority 1001 -SourceAddressPrefix * -SourcePortRange * -DestinationAddressPrefix * `

 -DestinationPortRange 80 -Access Allow

# Create a network security group

$nsg = New-AzureRmNetworkSecurityGroup -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup -Location EastUS `

 -Name myNetworkSecurityGroup -SecurityRules $nsgRuleRDP,$nsgRuleWeb

37. How to create a new storage account and container using Power Shell?

$storageName = "st" + (Get-Random)

New-AzureRmStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName "myResourceGroup" -AccountName $storageName -Location "West US" -SkuName "Standard_LRS" -Kind Storage

$accountKey = (Get-AzureRmStorageAccountKey -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup -Name $storageName).Value[0]

$context = New-AzureStorageContext -StorageAccountName $storageName -StorageAccountKey $accountKey 

New-AzureStorageContainer -Name "templates" -Context $context -Permission Container

38. How can one create a VM in Azure CLI?

az vm create ` --resource-group myResourceGroup ` --name myVM --image win2016datacenter ` --admin-username azureuser ` --admin-password myPassword12

39. What are the various power states of a VM?

40. How can you retrieve the state of a particular VM?

Get-AzureRmVM `

 -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup `

 -Name myVM `

 -Status | Select @{n="Status"; e={$_.Statuses[1].Code}}

41. How can you stop a VM using Power Shell?

Stop-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupVM -Name "myVM" -Force

42. Why was my client disconnected from the cache?

Explanation: The following are some common reason for a cache disconnect.

• Client-side causes
• The client application was redeployed.
• The client application performed a scaling operation.
• In the case of Cloud Services or Web Apps, this may be due to auto-scaling.
• The networking layer on the client side changed.
• Transient errors occurred in the client or in the network nodes between the client and the server.
• The bandwidth threshold limits were reached.
• CPU bound operations took too long to complete.
• Server-side causes
• On the standard cache offering, the Azure Redis Cache service initiated a fail-over from the primary node to the secondary node.
• Azure was patching the instance where the cache was deployed
• This can be for Redis server updates or general VM maintenance.

43. What is Azure Search?

Explanation: Azure Search is a cloud search-as-a-service solution that delegates server and infrastructure management to Microsoft, leaving you with a ready-to-use service that you can populate with your data and then use to add search to your web or mobile application. Azure Search allows you to easily add a robust search experience to your applications using a simple REST API or .NET SDK without managing search infrastructure or becoming an expert in search.

44. My web app still uses an old Docker container image after I’ve updated the image on Docker Hub. Does Azure support continuous integration/deployment of custom containers?

Explanation: Yes, it does. For private registries, you can update the container by stopping and then re-starting your web app. Alternatively, you can also change or add a dummy application setting to force an update of your container.

45. What are the expected values for the Startup File section when I configure the runtime stack?

Explanation: For Node.Js, you specify the PM2 configuration file or your script file. For .NET Core, specify your compiled DLL name. For Ruby, you can specify the Ruby script that you want to initialize your app with.

46. How are Azure Marketplace subscriptions priced?

Explanation:

Pricing will vary based on product types. ISV software charges and Azure infrastructure costs are charged separately through your Azure subscription. Pricing models include:

BYOL Model: Bring-your-own-license. You obtain outside of the Azure Marketplace, the right to access or use the offering and are not charged Azure Marketplace fees for use of the offering in the Azure Marketplace.

Free: Free SKU. Customers are not charged Azure Marketplace fees for use of the offering.

Free Software Trial: Full-featured version of the offer that is promotionally free for a limited period of time. You will not be charged Azure Marketplace fees for use of the offering during a trial period. Upon expiration of the trial period, customers will automatically be charged based on standard rates for use of the offering.

Usage-Based: You are charged or billed based on the extent of your use of the offering. For Virtual Machines Images, you are charged an hourly Azure Marketplace fee. For Data Services, Developer services, and APIs, you are charged per unit of measurement as defined by the offering.

Monthly Fee: You are charged or billed a fixed monthly fee for a subscription to the offering (from the date of subscription start for that particular plan). The monthly fee is not prorated for mid-month cancellations or unused services.

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47. What is the difference between “price,” “software price,” and “total price” in the cost structure for Virtual Machine offers in the Azure Marketplace?

Explanation: “Price” refers to the cost of the Azure Virtual Machine to run the software. “Software price” refers to the cost of the publisher software running on an Azure Virtual Machine. “Total price” refers to the combined total cost of the Azure Virtual Machine and the publisher software running on an Azure Virtual Machine.

48. What are stateful and stateless microservices for Service Fabric?

Explanation: Service Fabric enables you to build applications that consist of microservices. Stateless microservices (such as protocol gateways and web proxies) do not maintain a mutable state outside a request and its response from the service. Azure Cloud Services worker roles are an example of a stateless service. Stateful microservices (such as user accounts, databases, devices, shopping carts, and queues) maintain a mutable, authoritative state beyond the request and its response. Today’s Internet-scale applications consist of a combination of stateless and stateful microservices.

49. What is the meaning of application partitions?

Explanation: The application partitions are a part of the Active Directory system and having said so, they are directory partitions which are replicated to domain controllers. Usually, domain controllers that are included in the process of directory partitions hold a replica of that directory partition. The attributes and values of application partitions is that you can replicated them to any specific domain controller in a forest, meaning that it could lessen replication traffic. While the domain directory partitions transfer all their data to all of the domains, the application partitions can focus on only one in the domain area. This makes application partitions redundant and more available.

50. What are special Azure Regions?

Explanation: Azure has some special regions that you may wish to use when building your applications for compliance or legal purposes. These special regions include:

• US Gov Virginia and US Gov Iowa
• A physical and logical network-isolated instance of Azure for US government agencies and partners, operated by screened US persons. Includes additional compliance certifications such as FedRAMP and DISA. 
• China East and China North
• These regions are available through a unique partnership between Microsoft and 21Vianet, whereby Microsoft does not directly maintain the datacentres. 
• Germany Central and Germany Northeast
• These regions are available via a data trustee model whereby customer data remains in Germany under control of T-Systems, a Deutsche Telekom company, acting as the German data trustee.